Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution

Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution

Title: Mutual Aid: A Factor of Evolution
Author: Peter Kropotkin
Release: 2016-07-16
Kind: ebook
Genre: Political Science, Books, Politics & Current Events
Size: 4271468
One of the current objections to Communism, and Socialism altogether, is that the idea is so old, and yet it has never been realized. Schemes of ideal States haunted the thinkers of Ancient Greece; later on, the early Christians joined in communist groups; centuries later, large communist brotherhoods came into existence during the Reform movement. Then, the same ideals were revived during the great English and French Revolutions; and finally, quite lately, in 1848, a revolution, inspired to a great extent with Socialist ideals, took place in France. "And yet, you see," we are told, "how far away is still the realization of your schemes. Don't you think that there is some fundamental error in your understanding of human nature and its needs?"
At first sight this objection seems very serious. However, the moment we consider human history more attentively, it loses its strength. We see, first, that hundreds of millions of men have succeeded in maintaining amongst themselves, in their village communities, for many hundreds of years, one of the main elements of Socialism—the common ownership of the chief instrument of production, the land, and the apportionment of the same according to the labour capacities of the different families; and we learn that if the communal possession of the land has been destroyed in Western Europe, it was not from within, but from without, by the governments which created a land monopoly in favour of the nobility and the middle classes.

More Books from Peter Kropotkin

Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Karl Marx, Peter Kropotkin & Vladimir Lenin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Peter Kropotkin, Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin & Leon Trotsky
Karl Marx, Rosa Luxemburg, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky & Friedrich Engels
Sun Tzu, Lao Tzu, Plato, Marcus Aurelius, Niccolò Machiavelli, Thomas More, Tommaso Campanella, Francis Bacon, Thomas Paine, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington, John Stuart Mil, Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, Vladimir Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Leon Trotsky & Aristotle
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon, Michael Bakunin, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman, Lysander Spooner & Benjamin R. Tucker
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin & Pyotr Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Iain McKay & Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin & Victor Robinson
Peter Kropotkin & Victor Robinson
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Sun Tzu, Lao Tzu, Plato, Marcus Aurelius, Niccolò Machiavelli, Thomas More, Tommaso Campanella, Francis Bacon, Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill, Karl Marx, Vladimir Lenin, Rosa Luxemburg, Peter Kropotkin, Emma Goldman & Leon Trotsky
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin
Karl Kautsky, August Bebel, Ernst Toller, Clara Zetkin, Franz Mehring, Ricarda Huch, Karl Radek, Rosa Luxemburg, Peter Kropotkin, Emil Ludwig & Leo Trotzki
Peter Kropotkin
Peter Kropotkin & Victor Robinson
Peter Kropotkin